INTRODUCTION
The culture of milkfish has been developed for a century in
Milkfish (Chanos chanos): the most important fish specie cultured in the country, its farming is a century’s tradition which can be regarded as the backbone of Philippine aquaculture.
Traditional extensive milkfish culture is practiced at stocking density of 2,000- 3,000/ha. Intensification entails management measures for augmenting feed supply and maintaining desired water quality.
Milkfish (Chanos chanos) locally known as “bangus” is extensively cultured in brackishwater and freshwater ponds. Management practices employed are the straight culture (conventional) method, progression (modular) system and the multi-size stocking method.
Over the years, there has been a big steady demand for milkfish in the country. It has also been doing well in the international market with Philippine exports increasing annually. This techno-guide based on straight culture (conventional) method generated by
SITE SELECTION
The site should have:
- High tidal range and can hold water at least one meter deep;
- Good water quality and more or less have constant salinity and temperature throughout the year;
- Longer dry season, sandy clay loam, silty clay loam; and
- Access to roads and water supply.
- Physico-chemical parameters:
a. temperature (22-35oC)
b. pH (6.8-8.7)
c. Salinity (18-32 ppt)
d. Dissolved oxygen (3-5 ppm)
e. Turbidity (0.5 m)
POND PREPARATION
| ACTIVITIES | NO. OF DAYS |
| 1. Draining/Drying | 1 |
| 2. Leveling and repair | 7 |
| 3. Poisoning | 8 |
| 4. Pond Liming | 8 |
| 5.Application of organic fertilizer (chicken manure at 1,500 kl/ha) | 9 |
| 6. First water intake (5 cm) | 15 |
| 7. Application of inorganic fertilizer (ammonium phosphate 16-20-0, Urea 46-0-0 at 300 and 50 kg/ha respectively) | 17 |
| 8. Second water intake (10-15 cm) | 18 |
| 9. Third water intake (30-35 cm) | 22 |
| 10. Stocking of milkfish fingerlings (3,000/ha) | 24 |
| 11. Water management | |
| 12. Feeding (2nd month) | |
| 13. Harvesting | 120 |
STOCKING DENSITY
| POND | STOCK |
| NP | 40 fry/sq m |
| TP | 5 fingerlings/sq m |
| FP | 2 juveniles/sq m |
| RP | 1 grown fish/sq m |
FEEDING REQUIREMENT SCHEME
| Pond | Growing size (g) | Feed type | % Feed rate (Biomass) | Feeding frequency |
| NP | 0.02-.05 | Lab-lab Starter mash | 8-10 | 5x/day |
| TP | 0.5-10 | Lab-lab Bread crumbs/rice bran | 5-8 | 4x/day |
| FP | 12-50 | Lab-lab Bread crumbs | 4-5 | 3x/day |
| RP | 50-100 100-250 | Lab-lab/algae Finisher Pellets | 3 | 3-4x/day |
NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF MILKFISH FEED
| Nutrient | Suggested level | Typical source |
| Crude protein | 25-40% | Fish meal, soybean, corn, glutenmeal, ipil-ipil |
| Crude fat | 7-10% | Vegetable and fish meal |
| Nitrogen Free-extract (Digestible carbohydrates) | 25% | Yellow corn, cassava meal, rice and wheat bran, flour |
| Crude fiber | <8% | |
| Vitamin, minerals mix | 3-6% | |
| Metabolized energy | >3,200 kcal/kg | |
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